The effect of age on alpha rhythms in the human brain derived from source localized resting-state electroencephalography.

With increasing age, peak alpha frequency (PAF) is slowed, and alpha power is reduced during resting-states with eyes closed. These age-related changes are evident across the whole scalp but remained unclear at the source level. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age impacts the power and frequency of the dominant alpha rhythm equally across source generators or whether the impact of age varies across sources. A total of 28 young adults and 26 elderly adults were recruited. High-density EEG was recorded for 10 mins with eyes closed. Single dipoles for each independent component were localized and clustered based on their anatomical label, resulting in 36 clusters. Meta-analyses were then conducted to assess effect sizes for PAF and power at PAF for all 36 clusters. Subgroup analyses were then implemented for frontal, sensorimotor, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. The results of the meta-analyses showed that the elderly group exhibited slower PAF and less power at PAF compared to the young group. Subgroup analyses revealed age effects on PAF in parietal (g = 0.38), temporal (g = 0.65), and occipital regions (g = 1.04), with the largest effects observed in occipital regions. For power at PAF, age effects were observed in sensorimotor (g = 0.84) and parietal regions (g = 0.80), with the sensorimotor region showing the largest effect. Our findings show that age-related slowing and attenuation of the alpha rhythm manifests differentially across cortical regions, with sensorimotor and occipital regions most susceptible to age effects.

Causes and consequences of tipping points in river delta social-ecological systems.

The sustainability of social-ecological systems within river deltas globally is in question as rapid development and environmental change trigger "negative" or "positive" tipping points depending on actors' perspectives, e.g. regime shift from abundant sediment deposition to sediment shortage, agricultural sustainability to agricultural collapse or shift from rural to urban land use. Using a systematic review of the literature, we show how cascading effects across anthropogenic, ecological, and geophysical processes have triggered numerous tipping points in the governance, hydrological, and land-use management of the world's river deltas. Crossing tipping points had both positive and negative effects that generally enhanced economic development to the detriment of the environment. Assessment of deltas that featured prominently in the review revealed how outcomes of tipping points can inform the long-term trajectory of deltas towards sustainability or collapse. Management of key drivers at the delta scale can trigger positive tipping points to place social-ecological systems on a pathway towards sustainable development.

Case Illustration of the Natural History of Left Dominant Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized cause of recurrent myocarditis, a mimicker of acute coronary syndrome, and an important cause of malignant ventricular arrythmias and heart failure. Desmoplakin is a protein that is critical to maintaining the structural integrity of the myocardium. Disruption of desmoplakin leads to fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium which leads to congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. However, desmoplakin cardiomyopathy is often misdiagnosed, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We report 2 contrasting cases illustrating the natural history-hot and cold phases-of arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Case Series: The first case demonstrates a common phenotypic presentation of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy manifested as recurrent myocarditis and myocardial injury representing the hot phase. The second case is an undulating course of chronic systolic heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias representing the cold phase. Conclusion: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy manifests as a spectrum of disease processes that involve the right, left, or both ventricles. Mutations in the desmoplakin gene are often associated with a left dominant ventricular cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis remains difficult as the condition has no signature clinical presentation, and imaging findings are variable.

TREATMENT OF IRRECOVERABLE RADIAL NERVE PALSY USING THE MODIFIED MERLE D'AUBIGNÉ TENDON TRANSFER METHOD.

Background: Irrecoverable radial nerve palsy (RNP) leads to the inability to extend the wrist and fingers and significant reduction in grip strength. The aim was to assess the outcomes of treating non-recovering motor RNP using the modified Merle d'Aubigné tendon transfer method. Materials and Methods: A descriptive prospective study involved 33 patients between January 2017 and March 2019. Results: Males constituted the majority (32/33 cases, 97%). The ratio of radial nerve and posterior interosseous nerve injuries was nearly equivalent (16/17). The mean extension range of the wrist was 48.6° ± 14.9° during finger extension and 30.9° ± 14.4° during finger flexion. The mean flexion range of the wrist was 34.8° ± 15.8° during finger extension and 42.6° ± 14.8° during finger flexion. 93.9% of patients achieved full finger extension when the wrist joint was extended beyond 10°. The mean angulation range of the index finger was 55.3° ± 7.4°. The Kapanji score achieved was 8.4 ± 1.2. The achieved grip strength was 65.4% compared to the unaffected side. The surgery did not induce radial deviation deformities of the wrist joint. 32/33 patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes. 31/33 patients returned to their previous professions. 93.9% of patients achieved very good and good results, while 6.1% achieved fair results. Conclusion: Treating irrecoverable radial nerve palsy using the modified Merle d'Aubigné tendon transfer method yields very good results. The utilization of the pronator teres for wrist extensor transfer and the flexor carpi radialis for finger extensor transfer is appropriate and contributes to limiting wrist joint radial deviation deformities. This modified technique has been researched and recommended by various authors worldwide.

Epithelial zonation along the mouse and human small intestine defines five discrete metabolic domains.

A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations. Molecular domain identity can be detected with machine learning, which provides a systematic method to computationally identify intestinal domains in mice. We generated a predictive model of transcriptional control of domain identity and validated the roles of Ppar-δ and Cdx1 in patterning lipid metabolism-associated genes. These findings represent a foundational framework for the zonation of absorption across the mammalian small intestine.

ARID1A loss is associated with increased NRF2 signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Prior to the next generation sequencing and characterization of the tumor genome landscape, mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway were underappreciated. While these two classes of mutations appeared to independently contribute to tumor development, recent reports have demonstrated a mechanistic link between these two regulatory mechanisms in specific cancer types and cell models. In this work, we expand upon these data by exploring the relationship between mutations in BAF and PBAF subunits of the SWI/SNF complex and activation of NRF2 signal transduction across many cancer types. ARID1A/B mutations were strongly associated with NRF2 transcriptional activity in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSC). Many additional tumor types showed significant association between NRF2 signaling and mutation of specific components of the SWI/SNF complex. Different effects of BAF and PBAF mutations on the polarity of NRF2 signaling were observed. Overall, our results support a context-dependent functional link between SWI/SNF and NRF2 mutations across human cancers and implicate ARID1A inactivation in HPV-negative HNSC in promoting tumor progression and survival through activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway. The tumor-specific effects of these mutations open a new area of study for how mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and the SWI/SNF complex contribute to cancer.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of common Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam.

This cross-sectional study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from 4,789 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Of the collected specimens, 1,325 (27.7%) specimens tested positive for Gram-negative bacteria. The most prevalent isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii (38.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%), Escherichia coli (5.6%), and Klebsiella aerogenes (3.5%). Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed high resistance rates among A. baumannii isolates, showing resistance (79.9%-100%) to multiple classes of antibiotics, except amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and colistin. P. aeruginosa displayed lower resistance to colistin (<10%), but resistance to other antibiotics was high. K. pneumoniae displayed elevated resistance rates against most penicillins, ranging from 90.0% to 100.0%. In contrast, the resistance rates were notably lower for colistin (7.1%) and amikacin (16.7%). K. aerogenes showed high resistance to various antibiotics, while sensitivity was observed for amikacin (95.1%), ampicillin (100.0%), and colistin (100.0%). E. coli exhibited resistance to ampicillin (96.9%) but showed maximum sensitivity to several antibiotics. The study identified significant antimicrobial resistance trends and highlighted the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains (93.6% for K. aerogenes and 69.1%-92.4% for other isolates). These findings emphasize the urgent need for appropriate antibiotic stewardship practices to combat antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens associated with LRTIs.

Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials (MPACT): Enabling Technology for Oncology Clinical Trial Workflow.

Clinical trial enrollment is impeded by the significant time burden placed on research coordinators screening eligible patients. With 50,000 new cancer cases every year, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has made increased access for Veterans to high-quality clinical trials a priority. To aid in this effort, we worked with research coordinators to build the MPACT (Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials) platform with a goal of improving efficiency in the screening process. MPACT supports both a trial prescreening workflow and a screening workflow, employing Natural Language Processing and Data Science methods to produce reliable phenotypes of trial eligibility criteria. MPACT also has a functionality to track a patient's eligibility status over time. Qualitative feedback has been promising with users reporting a reduction in time spent on identifying eligible patients.

Anterior approach for a stab wound with penetrating rebar injury causing incomplete cauda equina syndrome in lumbosacral spine lesion: a case report and literature review.

PURPOSE: To report a unique case of incomplete CES following a rebar penetrating injury in perineal region with retro-pulsed fragment, which was treated with anterior approach and discuss suitable surgical approach. METHODS: Incomplete cauda equina syndrome caused by non-missile penetrating injury is extremely rare. A 26-year-old male patient presented incomplete cauda equina syndrome due to a penetrating rebar wound from his perineal region to the lumbosacral spine. Computed tomography demonstrated a bony fragment broken from S1 body compressing into the spinal canal. RESULTS: By anterior approach, we performed partial corpectomy of L5, decompression by retrieving the bony fragment and L5-S1 interbody fusion. The patient had a significant recovery, and no clinical complication was found after over 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: It is challenging to determine the optimal strategy of surgical treatment for penetrating spinal injuries with retained foreign bodies, here we suggest an anterior approach situation that has the advantage of being able to effectively perform decompression and prevent iatrogenic damages of thecal sac and nerve rootlets.

Factors contributing to financial distress in young adults with cancer: Material resources, health, and workplace.

BACKGROUND: Financial distress is a primary concern for young adults with cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace variables that are associated with financial distress in young adult cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Cancer Survivor Employment Needs Survey. Participants were young adults (18-39 years of age) who lived in the United States and had a cancer diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression was used to model relations between financial distress and material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace variables. RESULTS: Participants (N = 214) were mostly non-Hispanic White (78%), female (79%), and had a mean age of 31 years and 4.6 years post-diagnosis. Material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace variables were all identified as contributing to study participants' financial distress. Among the young adults surveyed, financial distress was prevalent, and an array of problems were associated with financial distress. CONCLUSION: Oncology and rehabilitation providers should openly discuss finances with YAs with cancer and guide them to resources that can address their financial, benefits, and vocational needs to ultimately improve quality of life.

Expression and characterization of a lipase EstA from Bacillus subtilis KM-BS for application in bio-hydrolysis of waste cooking oil.

A lipase EstA from Bacillus subtilis KM-BS was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The recombinant enzyme achieved high activity (49.67 U/mL) with protein concentration of 1.29 mg/mL under optimal conditions at the large-scale expression of 6 h and post-induction time at 30 °C using 0.1 mM isopropyl-ß-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The optimal temperature and pH of the purified enzyme were at 45-55 °C and pH 8.0 - 9.0, respectively. Activity of the purified enzyme was stable in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+; stimulated by 1 mM Mg2+ and Mn2+, and inhibited by Fe3+. A significant amount of fatty acids was released during the hydrolysis of waste cooking oil under the catalysis of purified lipase, indicating that this recombinant lipase showed promise as a suitable candidate in industrial fields, particularly in biodiesel and detergent sector.

Ti3C2Tx nanosheet@Cu/Fe-MOF separators for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries: an experimental and density functional theory study.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted much attention due to their superior theoretical specific capacity and high theoretical energy density. However, rapid capacity fading originating from the shuttle effect, insulating the S cathode and the dendrite formation on the Li anode restrict the practical applications of Li-S batteries. Herein, we suggest novel coatings on glass fiber separators to satisfy all high-performance Li-S battery requirements. A conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Fe-MOF or Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Cu-MOF layer was coated on a glass fiber separator to act as a polysulfide trapping layer. The MXene layer with high conductivity and polar surface functional groups could confine polysulfides and accelerate the redox conversions. The porous MOF layer acts as a Li ion sieve, thereby leading to the interception of polysulfides and mitigation of Li dendrite growth. The cells with the Cu-MOF/MXenes and Fe-MOF/MXene separators display superior capacities of 1100 and 1131 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles, respectively, whereas the cell with a pure glass fiber separator delivers a very low capacity of 309 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles. With Fe-MOF/MXene and Cu-MOF/MXene configurations, the discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, cycling stability, and electrochemical conversion reactions are significantly improved. Our ab initio calculations demonstrate that the MXene layer dissociates lithium polysulfides into adsorbed S and mobile Li ions, which explains the experimental findings.

The SWI/SNF Complex: A Frequently Mutated Chromatin Remodeling Complex in Cancer.

The switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex is a global regulator of gene expression known to maintain nucleosome-depleted regions at active enhancers and promoters. The mammalian SWI/SNF protein subunits are encoded by 29 genes and 11-15 subunits including an ATPase domain of either SMARCA4 (BRG1) or SMARCA2 (BRM) are assembled into a complex. Based on the distinct subunits, SWI/SNF are grouped into 3 major types (subfamilies): the canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF/cBAF), polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF), and non-canonical BAF (GBAF/ncBAF). Pan-cancer genome sequencing studies have shown that nearly 25% of all cancers bear mutations in subunits of the SWI/SNF complex, many of which are loss of function (LOF) mutations, suggesting a tumor suppressor role. Inactivation of SWI/SNF complex subunits causes widespread epigenetic dysfunction, including increased dependence on antagonistic components such as polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1/2) and altered enhancer regulation, likely promoting an oncogenic state leading to cancer. Despite the prevalence of mutations, most SWI/SNF-mutant cancers lack targeted therapeutic strategies. Defining the dependencies created by LOF mutations in SWI/SNF subunits will identify better targets for these cancers.

Drug-Related Problems and Pharmacists' Interventions in Hypertensive Outpatients: A Multicenter Prospective Study in 3 Vietnamese Hospitals.

Background: Clinical pharmacists' interventions (PIs) on drug-related problems (DRPs) in Vietnamese hypertensive outpatients are limited. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the prevalence and nature of DRPs, and factors which are likely to have DRPs, types of PIs, and their acceptance rate in 3 Vietnamese hospitals. Method: A prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 3 months in 3 hospitals (from October 2021 to March 2022). Clinical pharmacists conducted medication reviews after collecting patient information from prescriptions and patient interviewing, and then identified the DRPs and suggested PIs according to the Vi-Med tool. These DRPs and PIs were reviewed by other superior clinical pharmacists and a consensus meeting with 3 cardiologists. Results: Of 381 patients included, 344 (90.23%) experienced 1 or more DRPs. A total of 820 DRPs were identified with an average of 2.15 DRPs per patient and 415 (50.61%) were hypertension-related issues. The most common DRPs identified were "administration mode" (46.34%), "missing indication" (18.05%), "non-conformity indication" (17.80%), and "dosage" (11.95%). Comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.985, 95% CI: 1.597-9.942, P = 0.003) was the predictor of DRPs. Clinical pharmacists provided 739 PIs and 94.45% were accepted by physicians. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that DRPs were very common in hypertensive outpatients and highlighted the role of clinical pharmacists to identify and resolve DRPs through prompt interventions.

Clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes are linked to a limited set of taxa within gut microbiome worldwide.

The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes has rendered important pathogens nearly or fully unresponsive to antibiotics. It has been suggested that pathogens acquire AR traits from the gut microbiota, which collectively serve as a global reservoir for AR genes conferring resistance to all classes of antibiotics. However, only a subset of AR genes confers resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, and, although these AR gene profiles are well-characterized for common pathogens, less is known about their taxonomic associations and transfer potential within diverse members of the gut microbiota. We examined a collection of 14,850 human metagenomes and 1666 environmental metagenomes from 33 countries, in addition to nearly 600,000 isolate genomes, to gain insight into the global prevalence and taxonomic range of clinically relevant AR genes. We find that several of the most concerning AR genes, such as those encoding the cephalosporinase CTX-M and carbapenemases KPC, IMP, NDM, and VIM, remain taxonomically restricted to Proteobacteria. Even cfiA, the most common carbapenemase gene within the human gut microbiome, remains tightly restricted to Bacteroides, despite being found on a mobilizable plasmid. We confirmed these findings in gut microbiome samples from India, Honduras, Pakistan, and Vietnam, using a high-sensitivity single-cell fusion PCR approach. Focusing on a set of genes encoding carbapenemases and cephalosporinases, thus far restricted to Bacteroides species, we find that few mutations are required for efficacy in a different phylum, raising the question of why these genes have not spread more widely. Overall, these data suggest that globally prevalent, clinically relevant AR genes have not yet established themselves across diverse commensal gut microbiota.

Identification of potential anti-hyperglycemic compounds in Cordyceps militaris ethyl acetate extract: in vitro and in silico studies.

Cordyceps militaris has been long known for valuable health benefits by folk experience and was recently reported with diabetes-tackling evidences, thus deserving extending efforts on screening for component-activity relationship. In this study, experiments were carried out to find the evidence, justification, and input for computations on the potential against diabetes-related protein structures: PDB-4W93, PDB-3W37, and PDB-4A3A. Liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract (1-14) and quantified the contents of cordycepin (0.11%) and adenosine (0.01%). Bioassays revealed the overall potential of the extract against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.443 ± 0.364 mg.mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.580 ± 0.194 mg.mL-1). A combination of different computational platforms was used to select the most promising candidates for applications as anti-diabetic bio-inhibitors, i.e. 1 (ground state: -888.49715 a.u.; dipole moment 3.779 Debye; DS¯ -12.3 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 34.7 Å3; logP - 1.30), 10 (ground state: -688.52406 a.u.; dipole moment 5.487 Debye; DS¯ -12.6 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 24.9 Å3; logP - 3.39), and 12 (ground state: -1460.07276 a.u.; dipole moment 3.976 Debye; DS¯ -12.5 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 52.4 Å3; logP - 4.39). The results encourage further experimental tests on cordycepin (1), mannitol (10), and adenosylribose (12) to validate their in-practice diabetes-related activities, thus conducive to hypoglycemic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

'R' you ready to save time? Using R to facilitate question creation in a pharmaceutical calculations course.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pharmacists are expected to perform quick and accurate calculations throughout their careers. To achieve a proficient skill level, student pharmacists need ample and varied opportunities to practice pharmaceutical calculations. However, the creation of practice modalities can be time-consuming and labor-intensive for instructors. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING: We used the statistical analysis programming language R to create an efficient method to generate multiple variations of existing calculation questions. The method was evaluated with a group of student pharmacists as part of an 11-week calculations course. FINDINGS: This process can be challenging to set up initially. The method was able to generate over 100 variations of each calculation question. The student pharmacists who participated in the pilot study found the method to be easy to use and helpful for practicing pharmaceutical calculations. SUMMARY: We have developed an efficient method to generate multiple variations of existing calculation questions. This method can be used to create practice modalities that are more varied and challenging, which can help student pharmacists develop the skills they need to perform accurate calculations in their future careers.

Prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid drainage and spinal cord ischemia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is one of the most devastating complications of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) has been shown to decrease the risk of SCI in open thoracic aortic procedures; however, its utility in TEVAR remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the role of prophylactic CSFD in preventing SCI in TEVAR. Methods: A literature search of five databases was performed and all studies published before September 2022 that reported SCI rates in TEVAR patients undergoing prophylactic CSFD were included. A random effects meta-analysis of means or proportions was performed for single-arm data. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported for comparisons between groups. Results: A total of 4,793 patients undergoing TEVAR from 40 studies were included. The mean age was 68.8 years and 70.9% of patients were male. The overall SCI rate was 3.5%, with a 1.3% rate of immediate SCI and a 1.9% rate of delayed SCI. There were no significant differences in SCI rates between prophylactic CSFD patients and non-drained patients. Routine CSFD did not have a significant impact on SCI rates compared to non-drained patients. There was an increased rate of transient SCI with selective CSFD compared to non-drained patients (OR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.06-4.08; P=0.03). The most common drain-related complication was spinal headache (4.3%). The major complication rate was 1.6%, of which epidural or spinal hematoma (0.9%) was the most common, followed by intracranial or subdural hemorrhage (0.8%) and paraparesis or paraplegia (0.8%). Conclusions: This study found no significant difference in SCI rates between prophylactic CSFD patients and their non-drained counterparts. CSFD is associated with a small but non-negligible risk of serious complications. Multi-center randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to help stratify the risk of both SCI and CSFD-related complications in patients undergoing endovascular aortic procedures.

Weld Line Strength of Polyamide Fiberglass Composite at Different Processing Parameters in Injection Molding Technique.

This study examines the impact of injection parameters on the weld line strength of the polyamide 6 and 30% fiberglass (PA6 + 30% FG) composite samples. The effects of filling time, packing time, packing pressure, melt temperature, and mold temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation value of the weld line are investigated. The results reveal that the filling time factor has the lowest influence rate. On the contrary, the packing pressure has the most considerable value of UTS standard deviation, indicating that this factor has a high impact rate. The melt temperature factor has the highest elongation standard deviation, pointing out the strong impact of melt temperature on the elongation value. In reverse, the filling time factor has the lowest elongation standard deviation, showing the low impact of this factor on the elongation value. Increasing the mold temperature enhances the elongation value greatly because a higher temperature generates a better connection in the weld line area. Although the UTS value improves modestly when the mold temperature control system is used, the elongation result from the mold temperature parameter is better than expected. The UTS result from all parameters presents a minor deviation; therefore, it is lower than expected. The optimal strength result from artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm optimization is 85.1 MPa, which is higher than the best experiment result of 76.8 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the interface between the fiberglass and the PA matrix has high adherence. The fracture surface is smooth, indicating that the PA6 + 30% FG composite sample has a high fragility level. The findings could help to increase the injection sample's weld line strength by optimizing the injection molding conditions.